Char Dham (Sanskrit: char = four, dham = abode) refers to the four holiest pilgrimage sites in Hinduism, situated at the four cardinal points of the Indian subcontinent. The circuit was systematised by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century CE as part of his project of unifying Hindu religious life across the geographic whole of Bharata.
The four Dhams are: Badrinath in the north (Uttarakhand) — the seat of Lord Vishnu; Dwarka in the west (Gujarat) — the ancient kingdom of Lord Krishna; Puri in the east (Odisha) — the abode of Lord Jagannath; and Rameshwaram in the south (Tamil Nadu) — where Rama worshipped Shiva before the Lanka campaign. Rameshwaram holds the unique distinction of being both a Char Dham and one of the twelve Jyotirlingas.
The traditional Char Dham yatra traverses the entire subcontinent, from the Himalayas to the southern coast — a journey understood not only as physical pilgrimage but as an act of consecrating the body and mind through the four directions of sacred India.
NNorth Dham
Badrinath Dham
Lord Vishnu (Badri Narayan)
Chamoli, Uttarakhand
Northernmost of the four Char Dhams established by Adi Shankaracharya, representing the northern cardinal of sacred India.
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WWest Dham
Dwarka Dham
Lord Krishna (Dwarkadhish)
Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat
Westernmost of the four Char Dhams and one of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) of Hinduism.
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EEast Dham
Puri Jagannath Dham
Lord Jagannath (Vishnu)
Puri, Odisha
Easternmost of the four Char Dhams and home of Adi Shankaracharya's Govardhana Math.
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S+ JyotirlingaSouth Dham
Rameshwaram Dham
Lord Shiva (Ramanathaswamy)
Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu
The only pilgrimage site in India that is simultaneously a Char Dham and a Jyotirlinga — the southernmost point of both sacred circuits.
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Char Dham at a Glance
| Dham | Direction | Deity | State | Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Badrinath | North | Lord Vishnu | Uttarakhand | May – Nov |
| Dwarka | West | Lord Krishna | Gujarat | Year-round |
| Puri | East | Lord Jagannath | Odisha | Year-round |
| Rameshwaram | South | Lord Shiva | Tamil Nadu | Year-round |
How to Plan Your Char Dham Yatra
Planning a full Char Dham Yatra requires accounting for the seasonal availability of Badrinath (open May to November) against the year-round accessibility of the other three dhams. Most pilgrims begin with Badrinath during the May–June or September–October window, then proceed to the remaining three dhams by a combination of domestic flights and trains.
A typical 14-day itinerary starts from Delhi or Haridwar, travels to Badrinath by road (2 days), then flies to Dwarka via Ahmedabad (1 day), continues to Puri by train or flight (1 day), and finishes at Rameshwaram via Chennai (1 day). Budget an additional 2–3 days at each dham for darshan, rituals, and nearby temple visits.
Key preparations include booking Badrinath accommodation well in advance (especially during peak season), arranging a travel health kit for the Himalayan altitude, and carrying the panchang calendar to identify auspicious days for specific rituals at each dham.
The Sacred Circuit
Four Dhams Across Bharata
One dham at each cardinal point — unifying the sacred geography of India into a single pilgrimage circuit.
Badrinath
Lord Vishnu
Rameshwaram
Lord Shiva
Dwarka
Lord Krishna
Puri
Lord Jagannath
- - - Yatra circuit - - -
About These GuidesThese pages are informational resources about the history, mythology, and spiritual significance of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites. Daanyam is a ritual facilitation platform — we connect devotees with verified kartas for daily sevas. We do not represent any temple trust or claim affiliation with any Dham administration.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the four Char Dhams of India?
The four Char Dhams of India are Badrinath (Uttarakhand) in the north, Dwarka (Gujarat) in the west, Puri (Odisha) in the east, and Rameshwaram (Tamil Nadu) in the south. The circuit was systematised by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century CE to unify Hindu pilgrimage across the four cardinal points of the Indian subcontinent.
What is the difference between Char Dham and Chota Char Dham?
The original Char Dham (established by Adi Shankaracharya) refers to Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, and Rameshwaram — four sites spanning all four directions of the Indian subcontinent. The Chota Char Dham refers to four sites in Uttarakhand — Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath — which form a shorter Himalayan circuit popular with northern Indian pilgrims. Chota Char Dham is sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'the Char Dham' in common usage.
Is Rameshwaram both a Char Dham and a Jyotirlinga?
Yes. Rameshwaram (Ramanathaswamy temple) is the only site that is simultaneously counted among the four Char Dhams and the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. It is the southernmost point of both pilgrimage circuits, making it uniquely important for both Shaiva and Vaishnava devotees.
What is the best time to complete the Char Dham Yatra?
The best time depends on which Dhams you plan to visit. Badrinath is accessible only between May and November (typically opening around Akshaya Tritiya). Dwarka, Puri, and Rameshwaram are open year-round. October to March is generally the most comfortable for the southern and western Dhams, avoiding the summer heat and monsoon rains.
How many days does it take to complete the full Char Dham Yatra?
A full Char Dham Yatra covering all four sites — Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, and Rameshwaram — typically takes 14 to 21 days, depending on your mode of transport and how much time you spend at each dham. This includes travel between the dhams by a combination of flights, trains, and road transport. A more leisurely pilgrimage with nearby temple visits can extend to 25–30 days.
What is the estimated cost of the Char Dham Yatra?
The cost of a full Char Dham Yatra (all four dhams) varies widely by travel style. A budget pilgrimage using trains, buses, and dharamshalas can cost approximately ₹25,000–40,000 per person. A comfortable trip with hotels, flights between cities, and hired vehicles typically ranges from ₹80,000–1,50,000. Premium packages with helicopter transfers and luxury accommodations can exceed ₹3,00,000 per person.
What is the correct order to visit the four Char Dhams?
There is no strictly prescribed order for the original Char Dham circuit, though many pilgrims follow a clockwise pattern starting from the north (Badrinath) and proceeding to the west (Dwarka), then east (Puri), and finally south (Rameshwaram). Some traditions suggest beginning from the dham closest to your home. The spiritual merit is the same regardless of the order of visit.
Who established the Char Dham pilgrimage and why?
The Char Dham pilgrimage circuit was established by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century CE. His intent was to unify the diverse Hindu religious traditions of the Indian subcontinent by establishing four sacred centres — one at each cardinal direction — with a monastery (math) at each. This created a pan-Indian pilgrimage framework that encouraged devotees to see the entire subcontinent as a single sacred geography.
Can I do the Char Dham Yatra by train?
Partially, yes. Dwarka, Puri, and Rameshwaram are well-connected by Indian Railways. Badrinath, however, is accessible only by road — the nearest railway station is Rishikesh (approximately 295 km away) or Haridwar. Most pilgrims use a combination of trains between the three accessible dhams and road transport for the Badrinath leg. Helicopter services are also available from Dehradun to Badrinath during the pilgrimage season.
Is the Char Dham Yatra the same as the Uttarakhand Char Dham Yatra?
No. The original Char Dham Yatra refers to visiting Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, and Rameshwaram across all of India. The Uttarakhand Char Dham (also called Chota Char Dham) is a separate, more localised circuit covering Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath — all in the state of Uttarakhand. Badrinath is the only site common to both circuits.
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